TWIST1 and chronic kidney disease: In TECs, Wnt/β-catenin signaling takes effects by inducing its target genes, some of which play the substantial roles in regulating tubular EMT process in the setting of CKD, such as fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP-1), fibronectin, matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7), Snail, and Twist (Boutet et al., 2006; He et al., 2009; He et al., 2012; Tan et al., 2014; Ning et al., 2018).