Increased insulin resistance, AHR, peribranchial and perivascular fibrosis, and macrophages in the BAL; insulin stimulates TGF-β1 expression in bronchial epithelial cells in vivo and in vitro; Anti-TGF-β1 antibody attenuated HFD-induced lung fibrosis. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is Insulin resistance.