ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma: During the past decade, gene therapies targeting the oncogenic drivers such as sensitizing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocations, has showed a great efficacy on the management of NSCLC (Brahmer et al., 2015; Borghaei et al., 2015; Garon et al., 2015; Herbst et al., 2016; Kazandjian et al., 2016; Reck et al., 2016; Rittmeyer et al., 2017; Barlesi et al., 2018; Gandhi et al., 2018; Paz-Ares et al., 2018; Antonia et al., 2019; Mok et al., 2019; Reck et al., 2021).