TGFB1 and congenital rubella syndrome: In addition, higenamine markedly decreased serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), indole sulfate (IS), and 24-h urine protein level as well as memorably diminished cardiac and renal fibrosis in CRS rats, accompanied with the reduced protein level of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and collagen I. Moreover, it dramatically improved left ventricular remodeling and systolic function in CRS.