Based on these findings, it could be speculated that besides PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, TAK1-dependent inactivation of JNK/AP-1, and IKK signaling may be also responsible for the inhibitory effects of NVP-BEZ235 and PP242 against renal cell carcinoma but not Rapamycin. Here, FOS is linked to hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma.