JUN and renal cell carcinoma: By immunohistochemical staining, we demonstrated that NVP-BEZ235, and PP242 caused decrease in phosphorylation of TAK1, c-Jun and IκB-α in tumor tissues, indicating that the in vivo anticancer activity of NVP-BEZ235 and PP242 against RCC also depends on TAK1/JNK and TAK1/IKK signaling pathways (Figure 8).