VEGFA and lung carcinoma: Due to gene mutation and tissue hypoxia in lung cancer, the expression level of vascular endothelial-derived growth factor (VEGF) is increased by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), resulting in an overexpression of vascular endothelial-derived growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) in lung cancer cells and endothelial cells (Prabhu et al., 2015).