Subcutaneous treatment with IL-27 in an acute chemically induced model of colitis using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) was also reported to be protective with improved colonic macroscopic and histopathology scores and reductions in several of the same proinflammatory cytokines previously reported [44] including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17A, and IL-1β [129]. Here, TNF is linked to colitis.