Stromal reprogramming with the vitamin A analogue, ATRA, or the vitamin D receptor agonist calcipotriol has shown promise, with both approaches promoting a quiescent PSC phenotype, reduced tumor fibrosis, and enhanced chemotherapy responses (Carapuca et al., 2016; Froeling et al., 2011; Kocher et al., 2020; Sherman et al., 2014). Here, VDR is linked to neoplasm.