ADORA3 may also represent a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy, since its selective antagonism reduces the levels of the pro-fibrotic marker alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and attenuates the levels of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β and IL-18, (and others: IL-1 IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and IL-10), by avoiding the increment of caspase 1 and the nuclear localization of the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) into the nucleus of the renal tubular epithelium cells in diabetic rats [29]. This evidence concerns the gene IL18 and diabetic kidney disease.