MTOR and neoplasm: Indeed, our previous studies showed that 1,25(OH)2D treatment was comparable to serum starvation of cultured osteoblasts, where suppression of the mTOR pathway was identified as a common feature and known also to be involved in life span expansion in mice when inhibited with rapamycin.(74) Furthermore, our RNAseq and ATACseq motif analysis revealed associations with hypoxia, suggesting that 1,25(OH)2D may promote tumor starvation by inhibiting vascular perfusion less the negative effects of elevated ROS.