The VEGF signaling pathway is not the only vascular tissue-specific tyrosine kinase cascade known to be involved in the pathophysiology of OHSS; studies have also identified angiopoietin (Ang)-tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and epidermal growth factor-like domain signaling pathways and implicated it in endothelial cell function and dysfunction17,18. Here, VEGFA is linked to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.