These sum-normalized exhausted and EM T cell observations measured from FFPE tissue in two different cancers are reminiscent of the characteristics observed in tumor-isolated T Cells gated on CD39 and PD-1 (Fig. 3A,C) and suggest that CD39+ and/or PD-1+ T cell populations may be higher in responders in both cancers. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.