BCL9 and hepatocellular carcinoma: We validated those results using Sanger sequencing and qPCR, which showed that somatic mutations and copy-number gains of BCL9 occurred in 7.5% (3 of 40) and 65% (26 of 40), respectively, of the 40 samples of recurrent HCC tumors (Fig. 7a, b; Supplementary Fig. 18).