We found that the abundances of 16 cell subgroups were different between tumour tissues and normal tissues, including liver progenitor cells (C2), liver bud hepatic cells (C4), liver bud hepatic cells (C6), hepatocytes (C7), exhausted CD8 + T cells (C8), liver bud hepatic cells (C9), myofibroblasts (C10), Kupffer cells (C11), liver bud hepatic cells (C13), liver bud hepatic cells (C14), liver bud hepatic cells (C15), cancer stem cells (C16), dendritic cells (C18), Kupffer cells (C20), monocytes (C21), and liver bud hepatic cells (C23) (Fig. 3a). Here, CD8A is linked to cancer.