Combined with the present study, we made the conclusion that FAdV-4 infection induced NLRP3 activation in chicken macrophages and the following upregulation of IL-1β secretion, and the accumulation of IL-1β leads to excessive inflammatory responses such as the formation of pericardial effusion, tissue inflammatory injuries, and rapid death of chicken. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is pericardial effusion.