One of the NASH patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, we did not observe significant differences in body weight and liver disease markers such as liver weight-to-body weight ratio, hepatic triglycerides, gene expression of inflammatory and fibrosis markers including Tnf-α and Tgfb1, respectively, between mice that received stool from the NASH patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus and mice that received stool from the NASH patient without type 2 diabetes mellitus (data not shown). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus.