Many studies have been conducted to identify clinical or molecular factors that can be used to predict HPD, such as hemoglobin, Child-Pugh Score, portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT), NLR, MDM2, BIRC5, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), MMR etc. (Table 4) [86–99], although these factors require further validation in HCC and other cancers. The gene discussed is MDM2; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.