PDCD1 and neoplasm: T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) was first identified as an immunosuppressive molecule on the surface of T helper 1 (Th1) cells [18], and animal studies involving gene knockout and tumor-bearing mouse models have shown that compared with treatment with anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies, the anti-TIM-3 antibody (Ab) does not cause obvious autoimmune side effects, suggesting that it has good prospects for clinical application [19].