Expression of RAGE, described in several human tissues, is upregulated in response to its natural and historical ligand, i.e., advanced glycation end products (AGEs), but also HMGB1 and S100 proteins that are well-known in aseptic inflammation and oxidative stress of diabetes patients, atherosclerosis, pulmonary and auto-immune diseases, cancer, and chronic neurodegenerative like Alzheimer's disease [30–34]. The gene discussed is AGER; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.