TNF and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: To further assess potential biomarkers in a cell-type specific manner, in vitro assays designed to detect the inflammatory-response post stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) identified elevated levels of IL-8 and CCL-2, but not of TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-8, C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2) and IL-10, in the conditioned media from ALS dendritic cells [54], a cell type closely related to monocytes.