NFKB1 and infection: Whilst investigating innate immune responses to SIVsm lineage viruses in primary human immune cells we noted that although wild-type SIVsm infection of human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) did not induce NF-κB-dependent gene expression at the doses tested, basal expression of NF-κB-dependent genes such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α (Fig. 1A) and IL-8 (Fig. 1B) were significantly reduced in SIVsm-infected, compared to mock-infected, cells.