From gene targets (eg, KRAS, EGFR, TP53, BIM) to signaling pathways (eg, IGF-1R, STAT3), from conventional chemotherapy (eg, cisplatin, docetaxel, pemetrexed) to targeted drugs (eg, erlotinib osimertinib, gefitinib), scholars have studied NSCLC in increasing depth. The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.