Two derived allelic variants of the APOL1 gene (encoding Apolipoprotein L1), designated as G1 (encoding S342G and I384M substitutions) and G2 (encoding N388 and Y389 deletions), are causally associated with a markedly increased risk for various forms of non-diabetic chronic kidney disease, in comparison with the ancestral allele G0 (Genovese et al., 2010; Tzur et al., 2010; Beckerman et al., 2017; Fu et al., 2017; Kruzel-Davila et al., 2017a). The gene discussed is APOL1; the disease is chronic kidney disease.