Despite the promising results of the anti-PD-1 nivolumab in an initial phase-I study with R/R FL or DLBCL patients with ∼40% ORR and a very manageable toxicity profile (Lesokhin et al., 2016), subsequent phase II-trials showed markedly lower response rates, with 4 and 10% ORR and 2.2 and 1.9 months median PFS in R/R FL and DLBCL, respectively (Ansell et al., 2019; Armand et al., 2021b). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.