IL1B and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): So far, pro-inflammatory factors such as LPS or IL-1β and TNFα were reported to upregulate PTPRG in astrocytoma cell line or astrocyte culture (Schumann et al., 1998; Lorenzetto et al., 2014) and also appear to associate to specific myeloid lineages, such as the differentiation of monocytes to dendritic cells (Lissandrini et al., 2006).