The pathway enrichment analysis identified inflammation-related cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) as key regulators, including CD74, HLA-B, HLA-E, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, HES1 and CLDN5, involved in the pathogenesis of HF (Figure 3C, FDR <0.05). Here, HLA-E is linked to hydrops fetalis.