EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Activating mutations in the ATP binding pocket of EGFR and excessive activation of the EGFR signaling pathway are observed in approximately 15–20% of NSCLC patients (Lynch et al., 2004; Paez et al., 2004), and many EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have been developed as the first-line therapy for NSCLC, including the first- and second-generation EGFR- TKIs Gefitinib (Figure 1A) (Muhsin et al., 2003), Erlotinib (Figure 1B) (Schettino et al., 2008) and Afatinib (Figure 1C) (Dungo and Keating, 2013), and the third-generation EGFR-TKI Osimertinib (Figure 1D) (Cross et al., 2014).