People with rare primary immunodeficiencies (PID) in a variety of signaling pathways, including the IL-12/IFNγ axis and STAT3 pathway, have also been identified with disseminated coccidioidomycosis (DCM) and the mutations are thought to make them more susceptible (Mansouri et al., 2005; Odio et al., 2017; Hung et al., 2019; Powell et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy.