Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), a principal repressor of nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2; hereafter NRF2), functions primarily as a transcriptional regulator during the cellular oxidative stress response and is one of the most frequent co-mutations in KRAS mutated tumors that co-occur with genomic changes that affect tumor biology and response to systemic therapy (92, 104, 105, 119). This evidence concerns the gene KEAP1 and neoplasm.