LIF and brain injury: Recent studies have shown that in human myogenic cells, LIF can increase the number of myogenic cells by increasing mitosis and decreasing apoptosis (Broholm et al., 2012) and that LIF has neurodegenerative and protective functions in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (Lin et al., 2020) and has some pro-angiogenic potential (Santos et al., 2020).