BAK1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: lncRNA PVT1 promotes fatty acid β-oxidation by upregulating Mcl-1, which directly interacts with long-chain acyl coenzyme a dehydrogenase, while inducing MCL-1 to activate BAX and BAK, converting it from a monomeric protein to a mitochondrial outer membrane penetrating of oligomeric pores and promote apoptosis in ccRCC cells 83.