VDR and osteoporosis: In human monocytes, 1,25(OH)2D3 regulates chromatin susceptibility at 8979 loci (Ling et al., 2016), and as such, VDR single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with various diseases, including reduced bone mineral density and osteoporosis (Gómez et al., 1999; Garnero et al., 2005).