TGFB1 and pulmonary fibrosis: Reduced expression of CAV1 will weaken the inhibitory effect of TGF-βR, thereby, activating the TGF-β signaling pathway, resulting in a large amount of extracellular matrix (ECM) generation, causing the occurrence of pulmonary fibrosis (Lee et al., 2007; He et al., 2015; Budi et al., 2016).