TMEM37 and infection: Recent studies have reported that upregulation of PR-1, PR-2, and PR-5 expression significantly inhibits infection of beet-cyst (Heterodera schachtii) and root-knot (Meloidogyne incognita) nematodes in Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato (Uehara et al., 2010; Hamamouch et al., 2011).