Circulating MPO-DNA levels were significantly lower in patients with T1DM than in controls (0.17 vs 0.29 OD, p<0.001), while circulating dsDNA, H3Cit, PAD4 and gene expression of PAD4 did not differ with respect to the presence of T1DM (Figure 1). This evidence concerns the gene PADI4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.