However, the activation of the UPR response can also lead to apoptosis (30, 44), and the findings described herein are somewhat in line with effects reported for other viruses on this cellular process, such as the influenza A virus (36), and the Japanese encephalitis virus (61), in which cases it was observed that inhibition of XBP1 mRNA splicing was associated to decreased viral replication, although those findings were described in neuroblastoma cell lines. This evidence concerns the gene XBP1 and neuroblastoma.