IL1B and lupus nephritis: Low levels of VD promoted memory B cells in Act1-/- mouse (162).VD deficiency increased type 1 IFN gene expression in MRL/lpr mice (336).Treatment of MRL/lpr mice with VDR agonist paricalcitol mitigated lupus nephritis via modulating the NF-κB/NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β/IL-18 axis and suppressing NF-κB nuclear translocation (337).