Of relevance to AMD and DR, oxidative conditions [e.g., oxidized low density lipoproteins, ox-LDL (Norata et al., 2008; Yamada et al., 2008)], in addition to inflammatory cytokines (Breviario et al., 1992; An et al., 2008; Woo et al., 2013; Juel et al., 2015; Stravalaci et al., 2020), induce the synthesis of PTX3 both in RPE and endothelial cells (see below). The gene discussed is PTX3; the disease is age-related macular degeneration.