Betaine (104), a natural trimethyl glycine in common foods, including wheat products, spinach, pretzels, and shrimp, has been used for the therapy of NAFLD via upregulating hepatic expression of LXRα and PPARα, along with attenuating the changes in their associated target genes in fructose-induced rat models. The gene discussed is PPARA; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.