Two secondary metabolites collected in Monascus-fermented rice, monascin (208) and ankaflavin (209), have been confirmed to upregulate FXR and PPARα expressions and, thus, result in fatty acid oxidation as food supplements to prevent against diabetes and obesity (Hsu et al., 2014). The gene discussed is NR1H4; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.