According to a series pharmacological experiment in an HFD-induced obese mouse model such as intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and serum, fecal, and liver lipid content analysis, 141 showed several beneficial treatment effects on NAFLD in mice model, including decreased body and fat weight, lowered serum and hepatic lipid levels, improved insulin resistance, and reversed hepatic steatosis (Sheng et al., 2011a; Sheng et al., 2011b; Xue et al., 2020). Here, INS is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.