The reduced activity-dependent BDNF recruitment in frontal brain regions would further diminish hippocampal responsiveness and diminish extra-hypothalamic prefrontal (PFC)/hippocampal stress control, and thus enhance alertness to the ‘brain noise.’ A previously suggested negative feedback of stress-receptor activation particular to fast auditory nerve response vulnerability (Singer et al., 2013, 2018a) (Figure 4) would accelerate the self-reinforcing downward spiral towards the increased stress and anxiety of tinnitus patients. Here, BDNF is linked to Tinnitus.