PARP1 and epilepsy: There is currently considerable evidence supporting the role of parthanatos in a variety of neurological disorders including epilepsy, stroke, PD, and TBI, and the inhibition of PARP-1 and PARP-2 can reduce nuclear translocation of AIF and increase neuroprotection (D’Orsi et al., 2016; Xu H. et al., 2019; Dionísio et al., 2021; Koehler et al., 2021).