SPP1 and prostate carcinoma: The result showed that SPP1 was overexpressed in multiple types of cancer, including bladder, brain and central nervous system, breast, cervical, colorectal, esophageal, gastric, head and neck, kidney, liver, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancers, and in lymphoma, melanoma, and sarcoma in most data sets (Figure 1(a)).