CCL2 and morbid obesity: It was previously reported that the activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in morbid obesity is blunted, as reflected by reduced IFNγ and the monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), but weight loss is capable of restoring the ability of stimulated PBMCs to produce MCP-1 and IFNγ [43].