ICAM-1 expression is constitutively low at the surface of ECs and may be upregulated in response to stimuli, such as viral infection, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL1β), TNF-α, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) [37,38]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is viral infectious disease.