This study investigated if obesity in children is associated with more robust markers of inflammation such as vaccine-specific antibody responses such as seroprotection and seroconversion as well as cytokine production, including serum levels of adiponectin and leptin, and whether these markers can be used to differentiate MHOO children more precisely from MUOO children. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.