While there is little doubt that TNF-α participates in the PVM disease severity as in other viral infections, the beneficial effect of priming with MuHV-4 reveals that kinetics plays a much more important role than anticipated, which may explain why constitutive TNF deficiency is just as deleterious as excess production in respiratory viral diseases [64]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4.