Oil Red O staining showed considerable atherosclerotic lesions and intimal thickening in the ligated LCA from control mice following PCSK9 overexpression and PCAL; the extent of DF-induced atherosclerosis, by contrast, was significantly lower in Txndc5∆ECKO mice with PCSK9 overexpression (Fig. 2E). This evidence concerns the gene PCSK9 and atherosclerosis.