Recent clinical trials of neoadjuvant treatment for resectable NSCLC have revealed that the addition of immuno-therapy using an antibody against programmed death 1 (PD-1) or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) to platinum-based chemotherapy (immuno-chemotherapy) may provide superior pathologic response and superior survival benefit over chemotherapy alone [3–6]. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.