Viruses can induce or inhibit the global SUMOylation of cellular proteins by targeting UBC9.[73, 74] they can be SUMOylated by interacting with UBC9.[40, 75] and they can hijack UBC9 independent of the SUMOylation process.[76, 77] A better understanding of these mechanisms could be beneficial for developing more effective treatment of viral diseases. The gene discussed is UBE2I; the disease is viral infectious disease.