Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein‐1 (LMP1) can induce the expression of SUMO1/2/3 in EBV‐positive cell lines, and this induction requires the activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling through C‐terminal activating regions1 (CTAR1) and 2 (CTAR2) of LMP1.[69] Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can also increase the expression of SUMO1, which is responsible for HCV replication.[70] These studies indicate that viruses can regulate the SUMOylation process by controlling SUMO expression levels. This evidence concerns the gene SUMO1 and infection.