IFNA1 and viral infectious disease: Recently, it has been reported that SUMOylation can influence the regulation of type I IFNs (IFNα and IFNβ) in response to viral infection.[6, 7, 8] Viral interference with the host SUMO system can change the global SUMOylation level, which is related to the mechanism by which viruses evade antiviral defense.[8] Given the functional diversity of SUMOylation, it is entirely likely that SUMOylation can both enable and inhibit viral infection.