Of the three combined training interventions studies including both HIIT and resistance training, two did not measure IR but reported significant decreases in fasting insulin levels in women with PCOS (Bruner et al. 2006, Thomson et al. 2008), while Hansen et al. showed improved insulin sensitivity (euglycaemic–hyperinsulinaemic clamp) in healthy women without PCOS, but not in lean women with PCOS (Hansen et al. 2020). Here, INS is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.