Furthermore, the upregulation of miR-223 expression was positively correlated with serum AST and ALT activities (109), of which the downstream target genes were predicted to be acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3, ephrin A1, and ras homologous gene family member B. A recent study by Schueller et al. (110) showed that the level of miR-223 expression in the liver and serum from mice with acute liver injury (ALI) as well as in liver samples from patients with ALI was upregulated, and its level was markedly related to the degree of liver injury and liver cell death. This evidence concerns the gene EFNA1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome.